VOLUME 3 ISSUE 5 SEP-OCT 2015 | International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology

1. QUANTITATIVE MODEL TO GAUGE THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SITUATION IN INDIAN ENERGY SCENARIO

Author- I. NAWAZ

Affiliation- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamianagar, New Delhi‐ 110025, INDIA, Author: Tel. +91‐11‐26981259(O), 09811398309(M)

E‐mail: islamnwz@yahoo.co.in

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract- Power and energy sector are crucial for development of the infra-structure in any country. Proper growth in them facilitates daily life and also ensures all round growth of economy. The electrical power is convenient to use to satisfy versatile energy requirements. Energy acts as a key factor in determining the pace of economic activity. Referring to Indian situation, one notices that India’s energy sector has recently witnessed rapid growth. In particular, resource exploration and their optimum utilization, capacity enhancement and energy management have been virtually revolutionized. Yet such resource augmentation and growth has not yet met the ever increasing demands which arise due to multiplying population, rapid urbanisation and progress in economy. Hence, serious energy shortage continues to plague India, forcing it to rely on import. In this context, a quantitative model taking into account conventional and renewable sources of energy has been proposed, in the present study. The various sectors of energy utilization are incorporated in the model. One important motivation of the study is the search for suitable strategies to reduce CO₂ emissions. The model suggested is sufficiently general and flexible and may be applied in the context of various possible outcomes and varying scenarios.

Keywords: Development, energy utilization, renewable sources of energy, energy sectors, economic progress, CO₂ emissions, infra-structure.

2. PRE-OPERATIONAL WATER OF CONSTRUCTION: CASE STUDY OF A COMMERCIAL COMPLEX IN PUNE, INDIA

Author- INDRANEEL ROY CHOUDHURI

Affiliation- Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Military Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India

E-mail: indraneelrc@gmail.com

Abstract- Pune, situated in the western part of India in the state of Maharashtra is a burgeoning city that has been growing in leaps and bounds since the past decade. Growth of any city is associated with growth in infrastructure and the construction sector. Construction is known to be very water intensive consuming a lot of fresh water in its pre-operational stage. With all the construction activity happening in the city of Pune which incidentally lies in water stressed zone, depending on rainwater as its only source of water, it is imperative to assess the quantum of fresh water that is actually associated with the construction of buildings in its pre-operational stage. A recently completed commercial complex in the heart of the city was studied with an objective to assess the quantum of pre-operational water, also referred to as virtual water or embodied water, and compare it with the operational water demand of the case study. The methodology of the study includes the indirect water embodied in the major materials of construction termed as inherent water and the water use during construction termed as induced water. The inherent water and the induced water were added to arrive at the quantum of pre-operational water. The study found that the pre-operational water demand of the commercial complex was to the tune of 23.8895 kl/m² of constructed floor area with steel contributing to the maximum. The pre-operational water translated to 31.16% of the operational water demand considering a 50 year life cycle, or 15.58 years of operational water, clearly indicating the significance that it holds, and the attention that it demands.

Index Terms: pre-operational water, embodied water, virtual water, commercial complex.

3. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE IODINATION OF RIBOFLAVIN IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM BY MOLECULAR IODINE USING HYDRODYNAMIC VOLTAMMETRY

Authors- R. R. SANGPAL, V. T. DANGAT, V. T. BORKAR, D. B. VAGARE

Affiliation- Department of Chemistry, Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune 411001, INDIA

Email: rrsangpal@gmail.com : vijaydangat@gmail.com : vt.borkar@gmail.com : vagarednyaneshwar@gmail.com

Abstract- The quantitative study of iodination of riboflavin by molecular iodine in aqueous solution at 7 pH has been studied at various temperatures. The reaction has been found to be rapid and of the second order, having a specific reaction rate 135.85 M^-1s^-1 at 25.3 ⁰C. A special technique, hydrodynamic voltammetry has been used to study the rapid iodination kinetics. The energy of activation, entropy change and the frequency factor for the reaction are evaluated as 50.38 kJ, -43.08 J mol^-1 K^-1 and 9.01 x10 ¹⁰s^-1respectively. The kinetic and thermodynamic data obtained for this bio-active molecule are used to comment on the reactivity of the heterocycle under study on a quantitative scaffold.

Keywords : Riboflavin, Iodination, Hydrodynamic Voltammetry.

4. SPECTRUM AND MICROBIOLOGY OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER

Authors- PAMPITA CHAKRABORTY, SUKUMAR MUKHERJEE

Affiliation- Department of Microbiology, GD Hospital & Diabetes Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Email: pampita.chakraborty@gmail.com

Abstract- Foot Ulcer is one of the leading causes of hospitalization among diabetic patients. The present study observed the microbiological profile of Diabetic Foot with special emphasis to the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Samples were collected for microbiological analysis and the antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed against the commonly used antibiotics. This study observed the predominance of monomicrobial gram-negative bacteria than gram-positive bacteria. The isolated bacteria showed differential sensitivity pattern against commonly used antibiotics.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistant, Diabetic foot ulcer, Resistant bacteria, Sensitivity pattern.

5. DESIGN ANALYSIS AND REALIZATION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED OVER CURRENT RELAY WITH IDMT CHARACTERISTICS: A PROTEUS SIMULATION

Author- HARSH DHIMAN

Affiliation- Department of Electrical Engineering, The M. S. University, Vadodara, INDIA

Email: hsdhiman1098@gmail.com

Abstract- The paper presents a PROTEUS model of Micro controller based Over current and Differential Relay. The relay can be used to sense faults in transmission line based on analog to digital conversion of the 3-phase current and simultaneously issuing a trip signal if the actual line current is greater than set reference value. The proposed model can also be implemented as Differential relay, which often find their application in transformers protection. The model uses various analog devices for conversion purposes and displays the current values as sensed by the micro controller.

Keywords – ADC, Differential Relay, Embedded C Programming, I to V converter, PIC Microcontroller.

6. STUDY OF URBAN AIR QUALITY – A CASE STUDY OF DELHI

Authors- APOORV THAKUR, R.K. BHATIA

Affiliation- Post Graduate Student, Environmental Engineering, Dept of Civil Engg. Jabalpur Engg College, Jabalpur

Associate Professor, Dept of Civil Engg. Jabalpur Engg. College, Jabalpur

Email: thakur.apurv00@gmail.com

Abstract- This research is focus on how the concentration of five pollutant i.e. NO₂, NO, 0₃, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 changes in the absence and presence of vehicle during the 24 hour a day and diurnal variation. Seasonal variation on the concentration change in the month of Diwali taking R K Puram location in Delhi from Jan to Dec 2014. A correlation test also performs between PM2.5 and PM10. Statistical analysis shows that the during winter season, the concentration build up is high due to inversion phenomena leading to low mixing height. Ozone value is high during summer season due to high solar insulations, which converts NOx in to Ozone. NOx value is high during winter months due to two reasons, inversion phenomena and use of room heating devices that emits NOx. The concentration in the pre Diwali month is greater than that of Diwali and both exceed up to the extreme dangerous level and it is found that 54.45% of PM₁₀ is PM_2.5. Finer size PM is generated mostly by vehicular emission and therefore on daily average, it can be stated that vehicular emission contributes 54% of PM_2.5 of the PM₁₀.

Keywords: Diurnal, NO₂, NO, 0₃, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, etc

7. FUZZY NOETHERIAN G-MODULES

Author- SHERY FERNANDEZ

Affiliation- Department of Mathematics, St. Albert’s College, Kochi – 682018, Kerala, India

Email: sheryfernandez@yahoo.co.in

Abstract- In this paper, we consider the ascending chain of G-submodules of a finite dimensional G-module and show that it terminates at some positive integer ‘r’. Corresponding to this chain, we have constructed an ascending chain of fuzzy G-submodules, which also terminates at ‘r’. It is proved that infinitely many such fuzzy G-modules can be constructed.

Index Terms: Noetherian G-module, fuzzy set, fuzzy G-module, fuzzy Noetherian G-module

8. FABRICATION OF EMISSION CONTROL SILENCER FOR 2-STROKE PETROL ENGINE USING REFRACTORY AND ACTIVATED CARBON LAYER

Authors- PAVAN KUMAR, DR. RAJAGOPAL, DR. HIREGOUDAR YERRANA GOWDA, RAGHURAM G

Affiliation- Asst Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India

Professor (R&D), JNTU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Professor PG Coordinator (Thermal Power Engineering), RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India

M.Tech (Thermal Power Engineering), Mechanical Engineering Department, RYMEC Bellary, Karnataka, India

Email: raghuram.rymec@gmail.com

Abstract- Air pollution is one of the important aspects from the public health of view, because an average rate of respiration in a human is 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 Kg of air per day. Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth’s atmosphere, causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment. The main pollutants contribute by automobile are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. Automobiles are not the only sources of air pollution, other sources such as electric power generating units, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, industrial processing etc. also contribute heavily to contamination of our environment so it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve of our environment from degradation. The pollution level is very high in 2-stroke engine which emits significant amount of particulate matter (PM), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) which affects the eco system.

Our newly fabricated Silencer is an attempt, in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission in 2 stroke engine. The inner surface of the Silencer is coated with Refractory(Aluminium Silicate), and Activated carbon filter(ACF) in a particular ratio which absorbs the unburned hydrocarbon(UBHC) and reduces the Carbon monoxide(CO) emission. This fabricated silencer is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine. Refractory and Activated carbon filter acts as an adsorbent at low temperature. Because of this property both are used in a silencer in order to control the emission from the 2-stroke engine. The smoke level is considerable less than the conventional silencer, it is cheaper, no need of catalytic converter and easy to install

Key Words: Carbon monoxide(CO), Unburned Hydrocarbon(UBHC), Oxides of Nitrogen(NOx), Activated carbon filter(ACF)

9. A SURVEY ON SKIN TEXTURE ANALYSIS FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

Authors- K. INDUPRIYA, Dr. G. P. RAMESH KUMAR

Affiliation- Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, SNR Sons College, Tamilnadu, India

Email: indupriya1406@gmail.com

Head and Department of Computer Science, SNR Sons College, Tamilnadu, India

Email: gpr.snr@gmail.com

Abstract- Skin texture analysis is one of then challenging issues in the field of medical diagnosis. Various types of skin diseases are affecting human life like skin dryness, fungus, and allergic symptoms. The objective of this paper is to analyze the skin disease using texture analysis of skin image and by comparing the test image to a defined images or reference images. The matching of test and reference images compared that yields the percentage of skin diseases in the captured skin texture image.

Keywords: Skin Texture Analysis, Digital Image Processing, Gray level co-occurrence matrix, Wavelet decomposition Matrix

10. FUNGAL SPECIES ISOLATED FROM WATER AND STRIPED CATFISH (PANGASIANODON HYPOPHTHALMUS) FARMED IN EARTHEN PONDS IN THE MEKONG DELTA OF VIET NAM

Authors- PHAM MINH DUC, DANG THUY MAI THY, TRAN NGOC TUAN

Affiliation- Lecturer, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam

Email: pmduc@ctu.edu.vn

Lecturer, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam

Email: dtmthy@ctu.edu.vn

Postdoctoral Fellow, Center for Fish Biology and Fishery Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei, China

Email: tranntts@gmail.com

Abstract- Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a very common aquaculture species in large scale throughout the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam for recent years. Disease occurrence caused by pathogens during culture period has been experienced. Fungi are more seriously and increasingly important pathogen in farmed striped catfish. In this study, the distribution of fungi in farmed catfish and farm water column in Mekong Delta was carried out. The results showed that most fungi were isolated from the water samples (269 isolates) rather than from farmed catfish (129 isolates). Seven fungal genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Acremonium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Culvuclaria and Achlya were identified from the samples. Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were dominating among identified fungi, while Culvuclaria was only identified from catfish samples. Moreover, water qualities of cultured ponds were suitable for the habitat of the fungi and surviving of cultured catfish. The study provides basic knowledge of the ecological distribution of fungi in the culture system of striped catfish in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam.

Index Terms: Striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Fungi, Infection, and Water quality.

11. VPN ACCELERATOR CARD IN HARDWARE

Author- VARINDRA KUMAR

Affiliation- Research Associate, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK

Email: vk318@cam.ac.uk

Abstract- VPN has become increasingly popular due to its inherent privacy as it allows a network connection through LAN over existing internet. As the data transaction is over existing internet network, there is always a threat for eavesdropping, cyber-attack etc. For the efficient use of the existing internet infrastructure some prebuilt security features has to be added. Some security wrap-up functions either implemented in software or hardware can help in mitigating these security issues. Although many security applications such as DES, Triple-DES, AES, RSA, DH, MD5, SHA-1 have been developed using software and provide a necessary functionality towards safe communication but they lack the performance due to CPU hogging. Here I am presenting a low cost FPGA based security implementation with 64 bit DES, 128 bit MD5 and 128 bit RSA on Xilinx platform which can be interfaced through an ordinary PCI slot in a desktop environment.The implemented solution can provide an accelerated VPN mechanism, with a performance boost up.The PCI interface logic with the FPGA on a desktop environment has also been implemented for creating a complete security package in a plug and play environment. As shown in the paper, the FPGA based RSA encryption/decryption mechanism can achieve a throughput of 8.15 Mb/s while MD5 and DES can achieve a throughput of 1.195 Gb/s and 4.25 Gb/s respectively providing an approximate of 30% speedup over the software implementation.

Index Terms:VPN, PCI, DES, RSA, MD5 and FPGA

12. FUZZY LOGIC BASED CONTROLLERS STATCOM FOR LOW THD GRID CONNECTED WIND GENERATOR

Authors- JAI DEEP BISHNOI, MUKESH KUMAR GUPTA

Abstract- In the power system, large wind farms main is the stability and control issues. A thorough study is needed to identify the potential problems and to develop measures to mitigate them. Although integration of high levels of wind power into an existing transmission system does not require a major redesign, it necessitates additional control and compensating equipment to enable recovery from severe system disturbances. In this thesis the STATCOM control scheme for the grid connected wind energy generation system for power quality improvement is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power systems block set FFT. Fuzzy based controller is designed to reduce the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). A marked reduction in the Total Harmonic Distortion is observed in source current of Wind Power Generation System (WPGS) with the incorporation of Fuzzy controller. Fuzzy logic gives the 25% less THD value from the without controller THD value .

Index Terms- Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Wind Power Generation System (WPGS).

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13. INTEGRATED NATURAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT IN RAJASTHAN

Authors- MOHIT KUMAR, OM PRAKASH, AVANISH MISHRA

Abstract- In Today’s world, several lives are getting devastated through various disasters such as floods and cyclones. In the landmass around 60% of the earth’s atmosphere is mainly destroyed through earthquakes and with various calamities. Around 40 million hectares are prone through floods with cyclone 8% and drought 68%. A calamity is a serious disturbance which occurs in the whole world including widespread human and material involvement with gradual loses using its own abilities. This exploration distinguishes the disasterflexibility parts of development experts on the premise of the writing and maps these to the fiasco administration cycle with a specific end goal to draw on the rising system to focus potential development industry training and examination opportunities connected with the quest for societal calamity versatility.In the previous decades, our World has experienced a hefty portion of the common fiasco and that influences all sort of development works that create new infections. The fundamental reason is the change of atmosphere and powerless populace. To keep down the normal discharges, more endeavors ought to be implemented towards debacle hazard administration.

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14. INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS AND STRATEGIES FOR CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Authors- VINAY KUMAR JAIF, OM PRAKASH, AVANISH MISHRA

Abstract- The construction companies have been serious criticized for its conservatism and lack of innovation. Today, construction companies confront many challenges due to the changed technical/social and economical condition inside and outside the sector. The developing competition inside the construction companies has created a growing concern for innovation, so that it is being encouraged as an essential factor for the competitive benefits. Nevertheless, in spite of so much difficulties that make an innovation in construction becomes very hard. However, the perceived risk of innovation would never be acceptable in the organization community. These elements make the innovation have been restricted in the construction companies. To overcome from these issues and to encourage the innovation management in the construction companies, new framework is designed in this paper. The main objective of the paper is to design the new innovate framework in the construction companies, in order to develop the innovation management activities and to improve its performance. This research paper also analyzes about the technology and research development, a project life cycle and safety measures as well as organization pattern to develop the constructions projects. Finally, the proposed approach would be used for solving the identified limitations. In future, knowledge management would be incorporated to enhance the construction technologies to a higher standard.

KEY WORDS: Innovative Framework, Life Cycle of Constructions Projects, Innovation Management Activities.

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15. STUDY ON PRE & POST TENSIONING STRUCTURE DEVICE DEVELOPMENT

Authors- SAURABH SINGH, OM PRAKASH, AVANISH MISHRA

Abstract- The idea of prestressed concrete has been around since the latter periods of the 19th century, but its usage was limited by the quality of the materials at that time. It took until the 1920s and ‘30s for its materials development to growth to a level where prestressed concrete could be used with confidence. Freyssinet in France, Magnel in Belgium and Hoyer in Germany were the principle developers. The idea of prestressing has also been applied to many other forms, such as: Wagon wheels, Riveting, Barrels, i.e. the cooper’strade. In these cases heated metal is made to just fit an object. When the metal cools it contracts inducing prestress into the object [1].The use of prestressed concrete to provide the required strength and toughness in concrete structural elements is well known in the industry. Due to the internal structural mechanics resulting from prestressing, a substantial reduction in the requirement for construction material such as concrete and steel will occur. This not only reduces the cost of production but also reduces the weight of the structural elements and thus lowers the costs of handling, transporting, and erecting the precast elements. The cost of Prestressing can be greatly reduced when fabrication of structural units involves Precasting with efficient long line mass production methods which in turn effectuate the economies of scale. A significant contribution to the progress of precast concrete technology is the development of connection details and devices that enhance the simplicity and convenience in erecting and joining together the various precast elements to form a reliable integrated structurally sound building frame.

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16. THERMOELECTRIC COOLER USE IN COOLING VEST

Authors- AJAY POTANNA KOTAWAD, SHREYAS GOVIND PAWAR

Abstract- Generally refrigeration system is based on the evaporator, compressor, condenser and expansion device .The refrigerant like halons, chloro fluoro carbon and hydro chloro fluoro carbon are used in the refrigeration system. Due to use of this refrigerant global warming potential and ozone depletion potential raised. Because of this ultraviolet radiation enters in earth’s atmosphere, the effect of this are skin cancer and eye damage. It also effect on non-human animals and crops. TO avoid this we need alternative refrigeration system like thermoelectric cooler which is eco-friendly in nature. Many athlete’s ,fire fighter, construction workers, welders and various type of sports injuries need to control their body temperature for these purpose cooling vest is used . The concept of thermoelectric refrigeration system is using in cooling vest to control body temperature. This is light in weight, portable, durable, and high heat removal rate compare to vapour compression refrigerator.

Index Terms: Cooling Vest, Principle of thermoelectric effect, Prototype design of thermal vest, and thermoelectric module.

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17. INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN RECTANGULAR DUCT WITH SQUARE RIB ROUGHNED SURFACE

Authors- MAYUR P. THAKUR, Dr. S. V. PRAYAGI, Prof. G. D. GOSAVI

Abstract- Enhancement of heat transfer in internal passages is always preferred in variety of applications like combustion chamber, cooling of gas turbine blades, compact heat exchangers and solar air heater etc. Several attempts have been made on enhancement of heat transfer which is broadly classified in two categories namely active and passive techniques. One of the well-known passive methods of enhancing the heat transfer is to roughen the heat transfer surface artificially by the use of repeated transverse or inclined ribs to the flow. This project work is carried to perform experimental evaluation of heat transfer evaluation in a compact rectangular duct by using the rib roughened surface. We have used the square rib roughened surface on the top face of rectangular channel, which will increase the heat transfer rate. Also we will change the inclination of square rib pattern enhancement in the heat transfer rate will be determined.

Key Words: Heat transfer enhancement, Roughened Surface, rib.

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18. QUANTITATION OF PROTEINURIA BY SPOT URINE SAMPLING

Authors- MAHENDRA R. PAKHALE, Dr. NISHIKANT TIPLE

Abstract- Few studies have shown that calculation of protein/creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample correlates well with the 24-hour urine collection. A study was conducted to compare the accuracy of a spot urinary protein/creatinine ratio (P/C ratio) and urinary dipstick (albustix) with the 24-hour urine protein (24-HUP). Fifty samples from 26 patients were collected. This included a 24-hour urine sample followed by the Text voided spot sample. The protein/ creatinine ratio was calculated and dipstick (albustix) was performed on the spot sample. This was compared with the 24-hour urine protein excretion. The correlation between the three samples was statistically highly significant (p= <0.001) for all levels of proteinuria. The normal value of protein/creatinine ratio in Indian children was also estimated on 100 normal children attending the OPD and was calculated to be 0.053 (S.E of mean + 0.003).

KEY WORDS: Proteinuria, spot urine sampling, nephritic syndrome, means.

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19. SECURITY, PRIVACY AND TRUST: CHALLENGES IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Authors- TEJESWARI, DEEPAK KUMAR VERMA, LAKSHMI NARAYAN TATWANI, RAJESH KUMAR TYAGI

Abstract- Cloud computing can be defined as a new service, which are the collection of technologies used as large scale internet services for the remote applications with the good quality of service levels. Virtualization is the base of the Cloud Service Providers. Virtualizations have self-service capabilities, to access to computing resources via the internet. In addition, the most users are not wanted to use cloud computing due to its security challenges and due to third party custodian. In this paper, we described various security concerns occurs in cloud computing environment and discuss various methods to maintain standards of integrity and preserve security protection as virtual resources move, from on premise to public cloud environments. This paper attempts to present a review of Cloud computing adaptation security and privacy issues and challenges.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Security Challenges and Information Integrity, Virtualization, Security, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS).

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20. ANALYSIS OF M-QAM SIGNALS USING LINEAR POWER AMPLIFIER BASED ON RVFTDNN DIGITAL PREDISTORTER

Authors- SRINIWAS S. UPADHYAY, VISHAL S RAGHUVANSHI

Abstract- The Quadrature Amplitude modulation (QAM) technique is one of the most efficient M-ary modulation scheme that is used in adaptive wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.3.11n) and WiMAX (IEEE 802.3.16 e/j),which employOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (SOFDMA) respectively. These technologies, explore the benefits of variant of M-QAM technique, up to 128-QAM. Higher order M-QAM, such as 256-QAM is used in digital television broadcast (DTVB). To adopt higher order M-QAM technique, such as 512-QAM, 1024-QAM, 2048-QAM and 4096-QAM, a digital communication system has to fulfill the basic requirements of linearity and signal to noise power ratio (SNR), desired for the modulation scheme. The overall linearity of a wireless system is mainly dependent on the power amplifier (PA) used in the transmitter, because designing a PA with a required power output, is not as challenging as to keep its characteristic linear, throughout its operating range, hence most of the PA used in transmitters shows nonlinearity when driven to saturation. This feature of a typical PA prevents use of higher order QAM, because when a typical PA driven with higher order M-QAM it has to operate in saturation region to maintain the desired SNR.This paper presents an analysis of higher order M-QAM (M=512, 1024, 2048, 4096) with a prototype nonlinear PA by utilizing linearization technique using digital Predistorter based on artificial neural network (ANN).

Keywords- M-QAM, linearization, artificial neural network (ANN), power amplifier (PA).

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21. CASE STUDY ON CONVENTIONAL AND FAST TRACK CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

Authors- G.VIVEK PRASAD, H. N. RAJENDRA PRASAD

Abstract- The prime objective of affordable housing in any country is to prevent formation of slums and enhance Infrastructural development. Hence there is a need for Mass Housing which will be faster as well as cost effective.

In response to the factors like runaway inflation of construction costs, new and alternate approaches has been developed to compress the construction cost and reduce the overall time involved in completion of the construction project. The alternate approach for the conventional method is fast track construction which involves monolithic and precast construction.

This paper emphasizes on comparative study of conventional, monolithic and precast construction techniques. The parameters for comparison majorly constitute of constructions materials and time required, cost incurred if the mass housing structure was constructed with conventional precast and monolithic methodologies.

Key words- Affordable Housing; Mass housing; Fast Track Construction, monolithic construction.

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22. FABRICATION AND REVIEW OF HYBRID ENGINE DRIVEN BY SOLAR SOURCE FOR POWER GENERATION

Authors- AKASH S GADDAMWAR, BHOJRAJ N KALE, SAGAR S GADDAMWAR

Abstract- The planet is progressively marching towards a serious energy crisis owing to an escalating desire of energy becoming greater than its supply. We have always accepted that the energy we make use of each day is not unrestricted, still we take it for granted. In the energy deficient world it is strongly felt that the use of solar energy as possible source is not being fully utilized. In the recent years, we all are facing electricity crisis. It’s time to harness the renewable energy resources of the nature. The solar energy utilizes to run a Stirling engine. In this paper a Stirling engine using renewable energy heat source. Review of study is done for the development of Solar Stirling engine which will help in development of the engine which can be used for generation of electricity for household application etc. Several methods will applied on the engine in order to improve its overall efficiency, and critical problem areas will be isolated and addressed.

Keywords: Stirling engine, Renewable energy, Overall efficiency.

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23. PRODUCTIVITY & EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF MILITARY PROJECT BY DEA METHOD

Authors- ABHISHEK NAGARWAL, AVANISH MISHRA, OM PRAKASH

Abstract- Design build squads can be strangled by conflicting expectations and goals among the engineering and construction partners. By using MILCON (military construction) projects the quality expectation costs and its attributes tend to value its features in a great level. Partial Productivity Ratio (PPR) analysis carries out diverse construction procedural methods with few drawbacks. The withdraws of PPR are overcomed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA is a continuous hypothetical approach which is used to calculate the effectiveness of various Decision Making Units (DMUs) by which the construction process presents a composition of several outputs and inputs.this paper work used various aspect of DEA methodologyin effect of assesment of organization management and estimate or evaluate the productivity and effeciency content of technological management in order to resolve batch construction harma of military tasks with perticular attributes.But in today’s world as the engineering technology have been increased,the drawbacks in the partial productivity ratio are over come by DEA methodology.this paper has been carried out both theoretical and practical value.To satisfy the conditions of engineering technological strategies, numerous reference value to some civil project management studies are also taken into account.

Keywords: performance evaluation;PPR construction engineering; DEA; military projects

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24. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE DECK SLAB

Authors- TINCY ANNA YOHANNAN, INDU SUSAN RAJ

Abstract- Due to high traffic demand, corrosion of reinforcement etc needs assessment of bridges periodically. Here a bridge which is coated with frp is taken. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the fatigue damage of the selected deck slab and evaluating the cracking and crushing of deck under cyclic wheel loads. Nonlinear analysis of structural element using ansy APDL is carried out. Solid 65 is used for modeling concrete, link 8 for reinforcement and solid 46 for frp.

Index Terms: Fibre reinforced polymer, deck slab, fatigue, cyclic loading.

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25. DEVELOPMENT OF SAFETY HAZARDS BY ANALYZING DIFFERENT ACCIDENT SITUATIONS AT CONSTRUCTION SITE IN JAIPUR

Authors- VIVEK YADAV, PROF. (Dr.) OM PRAKASH NETULA, AVANISH MISHRA

Abstract- Construction industry is one on the major accident zone, where work related accidents with higher intensity occur in high frequency. Despite several prevention measures had been disseminated to avoid accidents and several proposals for safety design in construction sites has been proposed to make construction sites to be non-dangerous and healthy atmosphere to work. Also designs on construction hazards and design prevention have also been proposed to improve effectiveness in design of construction safety plans. Furthermore several proposals had been demonstrated which provides an integration between the production and safety, which provides an anticipation through several phase of construction levels, other than design phase. Also from certain activity analysis techniques, several narratives could be emerged in these construction sites, possibility of highly categorized accidents cases could be highlighted in case of production development. Also the results could prove that the integration between this production and safety is made possible through these construction levels, which is designed based on engineer’s perspective. This provides a better insight about the implications of installation of several safety measures.

Keywords: Construction Safety, Anticipatory Model, Production and Safety.

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26. DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF DUEL- CONCENTRIC CORE OPTICAL ARBITRARY FOR DISPERSION COMPENSATION

Author- BHAVNA TRIPATHI

Abstract- A duel –concentric-core Optical Arbitrary (DCC-OA) has been proposed and demon strand with pure demonstrated silica as substrate and air holes as cladding material. The methodology of the stable elementary with appropriately emulated layers of absorbance of borderline constraint is needed to scrutinize the attributes of specifications. The chromatic dispensation and propagation characteristic of DCC-OA have been simulated systemically. By adopting OAWG our zero delay design relaxes spectral resolution requirements and is compatible with the 100%-duty cycle fields’ characteristic of line-by-line pulse shaping. Furthermore, our sum-frequency generation scheme allows wavelength separation of desired spectral shearing terms from unwanted second-harmonic generation background terms. This makes it possible to perform spectral shearing inter fero metry measurements in a collinear geometry compatible with the use of highly efficient waveguide nonlinear crystals, which offers potential for operation at low optical power. OAWG increases effective area and decreases the conferment loss. Moreover, the fundamental mode and second mode also described elaborately.

Keywords: Photonic crystal, Chromatic dispersion, Optical communication.

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27. DEVELOPMENT OF GPS ENABLE SMART CARD FOR VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

Authors- KM. SWATI, Dr. PRASHANT SAHAI SAXENA

Abstract- The research is carried out to develop strong geo-processing surveillance software which includes a real time tracking device model built on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and based on server warehouse concept. The device has in built smart ID and Global Positioning System (GPS) and, produces Real Time Tracking System (RTTS) offering a system on compatible chip using FPGA. Undoubtedly, the device has an enhanced system interaction with fast processing speed that promises a cheap design. The system uses geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. Google Web Toolkit (GWT) helps in building rich and real time internet application using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The use of smart card is mainly to save all dimensions and data, in order to check the movement of vehicle when it comes in range. The outcome of the research is to propose a software package or database with web interface to read, process, analyze and store the incoming SMS text messages.

Keywords: FPGA, GPS, RTTS, GWT, GIS

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28. AUTOMATIC TOLL GATE SYSTEM USING RFID & GSM TECHNOLOGY

Authors- SURYA.K.NARAYANAN, THUSHARA.C, SANDHYA.C, SARANYA.N, SREEPRIYA.P.V

Abstract- Automatized toll gate system using Radio Frequency Identification emerges as a converging technology where time and efficiency are the matter of priority in toll collection systems of present day. In order to overcome the major issue of collision, in our project the reader is placed on the road, and the tag is placed beneath the vehicle. The object detection sensor which is placed on the side of the road detects the approach of the oncoming vehicle. Thus the reader reads the information in the tag and the transaction takes place through a centralized data base and the aftermath details of the transaction is intimated to the user’s mobile through GSM technology.

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29. IMPROVING THE VISUAL MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION SITES USING 3D MODELS

Authors- MANVENDRA SINGH JADON, OM PRAKASH NETULA, AVANISH MISHRA

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech (Construction & Management), Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

²Research Guide & Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

³Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Abstract- Construction design is a complex process with multiple actors and often crosses multiple disciplines and organizational boundaries. The process of coordinating, sharing of information and knowledge between the involved actors is crucial for the success of a project. Such coordinating task of construction site is carried out by Visual Management system which in turn will aid communication, decision-making and day to day planning of activities. Its focus lies in the simplification, visualisation and measurement of work on a daily basis to ensure target milestones are met, quality is improved and construction workers are actively involved. The main objective of the research is to improve the performance of the visual system in construction site using 3D model. In this, the use of large collections of high quality 3D models is a central point as representation of existing artifacts and as metaphors for navigation inside other types of data (text, images, photographs, drawings,…). As a large, ordered database of spatial information, a 3D model can be added to and altered over time. The purpose of this master thesis is to provide a broader and deeper understanding of and insight into what Visual Planning is and how it can be used to enhance efficiency in the construction industry. The product development industry and the construction industry may have lot in common, but also several conditions and prerequisites that differ. With this in mind, how a method forged in the product development industry can be used in another industry, like that of construction, is of interest. The research seeks therefore answer to the question.

30. STUDY OF SAFETY CULTURE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Authors- ASMITA MISHRA, OM PRAKASH NETULA, AVANISH MISHRA

Affiliation- M.Tech Scholar, Construction & Management, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Research Guide & Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Email: asmitamce@gmail.com

Abstract- The individual safety in development is a key figure today’s surroundings on the grounds that security starts things out when contrasted with work. Wellbeing society characterizes to keep up security in working environment that identifies with mental state of mind, beliefs and appreciation. A protected workplace may serve to keep gifted workers on their occupation and tasks on track by diminishing mischance’s, dangers of suit and administrative activity. The issues in development locales might by and large happen in power deficiency, absence of upkeep, extra minutes, contamination, and dishonorable development and by utilizing low quality items. The wellbeing society ought to exist between proprietor, foreman and sub-builder. Legitimate arrangement and work time ought to be kept up to evade these sorts of issues in future by those individuals.

Keywords: Construction Environment, Workers Safety, Safety Training.

31. EXTRACTION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF SOME SELECTED TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST, IN ADAMA, ETHIOPIA

Authors- SEID MOHAMMED, AYISHA AHIMAD

Affiliation- ^1,2Adama Science and Technology University

Email: seidmohes372@gmail.com

Abstract- Some traditional medicinal plants are used in order to heel some diseases in Ethiopia having inhibiting effect against pathogenic microorganisms. The present study aimed at extraction and identification of some phytochemical crude compound which used for antimicrobial activities test. The plant samples such as Croton macrostachyus (Cm), Ocimum lamiifolium (Ol) and Ruta chalepensis (Rc) were collected and powdered. The extraction was conducted. Some tests were performed to identify some phytochemical compound. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS version16. During the present study, some phytochemical compounds such as Tannin, Flavonoid, Saponins, Steroids and Phytosterol were obtained after extraction had been conducted from these traditional medicinal plants. In the present study, the maximum (7.6 mm) zone of inhibition was observed for Ocimum lamiifolium (Ol). However, the minimum (2.49mm) inhibition zone was detected for Ruta chalepensis (Rc) against unidentified gram-positive bacterial spp.

32. TECHNOLOGY SELECTION FOR LAST MILE COMMUNICATION CONNECTIVITY IN SMART GRIDS

Authors- SINDHU SHARMA, HEM THUKRAL, DR. B.S.K. NAIDU, REJI KUMAR PILLAI

Affiliation- ¹ PGPM (E), Great Lakes Institute of Management, Gurgaon, India, Email: sindhu.pgpme16g@greatlakes.edu.in

²Research Officer, India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF), New Delhi, India, Email: hemthukral@indiasmartgrid.org

³ Chairman Emeritus, Great Lakes Institute of Management, Gurgaon, India, Email: dr.bsknaidu@gmail.com

⁴President, India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF), New Delhi, India, Email: reji@rejikumar.com

Abstract- Transitioning to smart grids will achieve the overarching objectives of the Government of India of reducing Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses and providing 24×7 power to all households. Reliable, scalable, cost-effective and interoperable communication networks form the backbone of a smart grid that would enable efficient, reliable, safe and secure grid operations. Currently, hovering at around 27%, it is envisaged to bring down the AT&C losses to below 10% by 2027. In order to enable this, ‘smart’ devices would need to be installed both in the field and inside homes. Last mile connectivity is the last leg of the communications network that reaches the end nodes. Low power RF, Power Line Carrier (PLC) communications and Wi-Fi are the popular candidates for providing this connectivity. Currently, only 865-867 MHz is available for low power RF applications which may not be enough to cater to the billions of devices in a smart grid and smart city. Furthermore, the Govt. of India is planning to regulate the frequency bands that are used for PLC communications. India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF) is at the forefront of advising the Government on such initiatives.

The study being reported explores the fundamental last mile communication requirements of the smart grid and reviews the popular standards and protocols offered for these applications. Their comparative analysis has been used to deliver a relative evaluation with respect to the relevant communication attributes. A closer examination of some vital aspects like Interoperability, Cyber Security, total Cost of Ownership and Communications Architecture for Advanced Metering Infrastructure is also presented.

33. GMM BASED SPEAKER VERIFICATION USING MULTITAPER MFCC

Authors- RUPALI G SHINTRI, S.K.BHATIA

Affiliation- ^{1, 2}Department Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, ICOER, Wagholi, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Email: ¹rgshintri@gmail.com ; ²sukhwinderkaur1@gmail.com

Abstract- In speech & audio applications, short-term signal spectrum is often represented using mel-freuency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) computed from a windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Windowing reduces spectral leakage but variance of the spectrum estimate remains high. An extension to windowed DFT is called multitaper method which uses multiple time domain windows which are called as tapers with frequency domain averaging. Then detailed statistical analysis of MFCC bias & variance is done. For speaker verification the extracted feature is used to build a model using classifier (GMM), which implements likelihood ratio test to decide whether to accept or reject the speaker.

Keywords- Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient, multitaper, GMM, speaker verification, tapers.

34. STUDY ON POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF GRAIN WAREHOUSING SYSTEM IN AKOLA DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA

Authors- VIJAY DHANDE, DORCUS MASIH, CHITRA SONKAR

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Food Tech, Student, Department of food process engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad, U.P, India. Email: viju.jay.jack@gmail.com

^{2, 3}Assistant professor, Department of food process engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad, U.P, India.

Abstract- This research shows how warehouse should manage planning and control related activities in warehouse systems in today’s world of rapidly changing customer’s demand, small internet orders, tight delivery schedules and high service level requirements. The post-harvest losses in India amount to 12 to 16 million metric tons of food grains each. The monetary value of these losses amounts to more than Rs. 50,000 crores per year so there is need of proper policies and practices in grain warehousing. This warehouse survey describes current, traditionally planning and control policies in warehouse systems, subsequently with new approaches to manage planning and control policies more efficient and to reduce response time in order to maintain warehouse performances in today’s world of rapidly changing customer’s demand. This research shows the study of present policies and practices of grain warehousing in Akola Maharashtra. The present policies and practices were according to the WDRA. The analysis of necessary policies and practices is done by survey of the grain warehouses. The suggestions were given for the better management of the grain warehouse. It can be concluded that the main savings can be derived in planning related activities and recommended to put more effort in the development of new models instead of optimizing existing ones.

Key words: Model, Policies, Service, Traditional, Warehouse.

35. IMPROVEMENT OF HOT FORGING PROCESS BY MINIMIZED DIE STRESS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Authors- AHMED DAGNE TEMESGEN, MOHAMMED IRFAAN, BHUVNESH BHARDWAJ

Affiliation- ¹Lecturer, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Adigrat University, Ethiopia, Email: ahmeddagne@gmail.com

²Lecturer, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Adigrat University, Ethiopia, Email: irfaanprof@gmail.com

³Assistant professor, Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre, India, Email: b_bhardwaj24@rediffmail.com

Abstract- The main focus of this research to improvement of hot forging process in Akaki basic metals industry for the manufacturing of a draw eye shaftby minimizing stress which in turn increase die life and material yield. In order to achieve these goals and remain competitive, there should be a need to apply advanced computational tools such as FE simulation, besides practicing efficient shop floor management and trial and error methods.

The simulation of forging process for the die and the work piece was carried out by Finite element method using DEFORM-3D^TM. Maximum principal stress, effective stress and temperature distribution of the die have been investigated.

KEY WORDS: – Hot forging process, Maximum principal stress, Effective stress, FEM.

36. A RESEARCH REVIEW: ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC SENSOR NETWORKS

Authors- KAVITA JAKHAR, VIJAY SHARMA, KAMLESH NEHRA

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Research Scholar, Computer Science, Rajasthan Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajasthan, India, Email: kavitaj54@gmail.com

²Assistant Professor, Computer Science, Rajasthan Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajasthan, India, Email: vijaymayankmudgal2008@gmail.com

³M.Tech Research Scholar, Computer Science, Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering, Rajasthan, India, Email: kamleshnehra06@gmail.com

Abstract- Ocean bottom sensing element nodes is used for oceanographic information assortment, pollution observance, offshore exploration and plan of action police work applications. Moreover, remote-controlled or Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (UUVs, AUVs), equipped with sensors, can realize application in exploration of natural subsurface resources and gathering of scientific information in cooperative observance missions. During this paper, discuss the characteristic of the acoustic communication and difference between terrestrial and UW-ASN. Totally different architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensing element networks mentioned, and also the underwater channel is characterized. And also mentioned the types of routing protocol and approaches used in underwater acoustic sensor Networks.

Index Terms: UWNs, UW-ASNs, UW-A channel, AUV, ISI, RTT etc.

37. HIGH UTILITY ITEMSET MINING USING IMPROVED UPGROWTH+ ALGORITHM

Authors- MEGHNA K S, ABY ABAHAI T, ELDO P ELIAS

Affiliation- ¹M.Tech Final Year Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India, Email: meghnaksoman@gmail.com

²Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India, Email: abytom@gmail.com

³Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India, Email: eldope@gmail.com

Abstract- Data mining is the process of revealing previously unknown and potentially useful information from large databases. Traditional mining techniques have focused largely on detecting the statistical correlations between the items that are more frequent in the transaction databases. Utility Mining which is an emerging topic in the field of data mining, not only considers the frequency of the itemsets but also considers the utility associated with the itemsets. The term utility refers to the importance or the usefulness of the itemset in transactions quantified in terms like profit, sales or any other user preferences. It finds out high-utility itemsets by considering both the important factors of profit and quantity. Mining high utility itemsets from a transactional database refers to the discovery of itemsets with high utility like profits. Although a number of relevant approaches have been proposed in recent years, but they incur the problem of producing a large number of candidate itemsets for high utility itemsets. Such a large number of candidate itemsets degrades the mining performance in terms of execution time and space requirement. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, namely UP Growth ++, for mining high utility itemsets. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperform other algorithms UP Growth and UP Growth+ substantially in terms of space utilized for execution and in runtime. The term dynamic is used since the items used for utility mining are selected dynamically from the list.

Index Terms: Utility Mining, UP Growth, UP Growth+, and UP Growth++ etc.

38. INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE DIAMINE IN PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED POLY(ESTER-URETHANE) ELASTOMERS

Authors- AMR S ISMAIL

Affiliation- Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, Email: amrchems@gmail.com

Abstract- The present paper studies the interactive influence of ethylene diamine (EDA) throughout the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) (PEU) elastomers. Both polyester (PE) and polyurethane (PU) were prepared from the reaction of maleic anhydride (MA) with polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000), respectively. The prepared PEU solution was modified by chitosan (CHI). The interacting products were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show clearly that ethylene diamine (EDA) can directly be interacts with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) during the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) (PEU) at room temperature leading to the degradation of the prepared polymer. Therefore, one has to be very careful in applying EDA with TDI under ambient conditions as the EDA might produce by-products depending on the reacting materials.

Keywords: Ethylenediamine, Chitosan, Polyester, Polyurethane.

39. PERVAPORATIVE DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOL-WATER MIXTURES USING HYDROPHILIC POLYELECTROLYTE CHITOSAN-SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MEMBRANES

Authors- AMR S ISMAIL

Affiliation- Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), 11727 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, Email: amrchems@gmail.com

Abstract- The present research studies pervaporative dehydration of binary feed mixtures of methanol-water (MW), ethanol-water (EW), isopropanol-water (IW) and butanol-water (BW), respectively, using polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) of chitosan-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. These PECs were prepard in aqueous HCl in which the solid form were dissolved in aqueous NaOH to produce uniform hydrophilic polyelectrolyte complex membranes (UPECMs) through solution casting method. FTIR, XRD and Conductivity analysis were employed to investigate the chemical structure, composition and electric property of PECs, respectively. Effect of water content on the swelling performance and pervaporative dehydration of UPECMs based on (alcohol/water) ratio were examined. UPECMs showed highest swelling performance of SD=35 and good pervaporation of J=108 kg.m-2.h-1 and α=84 with 85% water in permeates from 50% water content in isopropanol-water mixture.

Keywords: Pervaporation, Dehydration, Chitosan, Membrane.

40. DEVELOPMENT OF UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SITAGLIPTIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

Authors- J. ANUDEEPA, R.MANAVALAN, R.VENKATANARAYANAN

Affiliation- R.V.S College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore, INDIA, E-mail: anudeeparagav@gmail.com

Abstract- The newer analytical method developed for drugs must specific, accurate, sensitive, precise, reliable and reproducible. UV/Vis spectroscopy is routinely used in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of different analytes, such as transition metal ions, highly conjugatedorganic compounds, and biological macromolecules. Sitagliptin previously identified as MK-0431 and marketed as the phosphate salt under the trade name (Januvia^®) is an oral antihyperglycemic drug of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class. This study aim to perform UV spectrophotometric analysis of Sitagliptinin bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. UV spectrophotometric analysis of analysis of Sitagliptinin tablet (25mg) and pharmaceutical formulation (Januvia^®) was performed using a Lab India UV spectrophotometer 3000+ double beam by using 1 cm quartz cells. The significant spectra for Sitagliptin appeared in 0.1N Hcl and this solvent was selected for determining Sitagliptin content in formulations by UV spectroscopic method. Stock solutions of Sitagliptin were prepared by dissolving 100 mg of drug in 100 ml of 0.1N Hcl, to obtain the concentration of 1000 µg of drug / ml. It was further diluted to obtain concentration ranging from 20-100 µg / ml. Sitagliptin exhibited maximum absorbance at about 267 nm. The measured absorbance was plotted against concentration. From the optical characteristics of the proposed method it was found that the absorbance of Sitagliptin is267nm. The drug obeys linearity with in the concentration 20-100µg/ml. The linearity was shown by calibration curve and the correlation co-efficient 0.998. The percentage recovery of the pure drug is between 96-99% indicating that the proposed method is simple, accurate, sensitive, reliable and reproducible.

Keywords: Sitagliptin, oralhyperglycemic, Januvia, stock solution

41. Dye Colour Removal from Fly Ash based Zeolite: A Low Cost Adsorbent

Authors- Dinesh Sharma, Jitender Pal

Affiliation- M.Tech. Student, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India, Email: dineshsharma505@gmail.com

Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India, Email: j_pal2k1@yahoo.com

Abstract- Fly Ash is a solids waste substance generated from thermal power plants and it found in abundance in India. For controlling pollution from fly ash its utilization is important. The present study is concerned with the low cost adsorbent prepared from fly ash for removal of selected dyes [Methylene Blue (MB), Crystal Violet (CV) and Congo Red (CR)] from aqueous solutions. The novelty of present work is approach that not only utilization of fly ash, but also develop a low cost adsorbent from waste fly ash. The adsorption is one of the most efficient methods for removal of colours from process or wastewater. The FAZ demonstrates significant removal of studied dyes. The maximum adsorption was found to be at pH6 (MB), pH10 (CV) and pH4 (CR) at optimum adsorbent doses (0.3g/50ml) for MB and (0.4g/50 ml) for CV and CR. The maximum adsorption capacity of FAZ were found to be 65.3 mg/g, and 64.9 mg/g and 44.5mg/g, respectively for MB, CV and CR dyes at maximum adsorbent dose (0.8g) and contact time (120min). The equilibrium of adsorption process is in good agreement well fitted with the Langmuir’s and Freundlich models for removal of studied dyes with FAZ.

Keywords: Fly ash, Zeolite, Dyes and Adsorption, etc.