Volume 11 Issue 4 | International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology

Design and analysis of connecting rod-A RSM approach

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Alsabah Rayeen, Professor, Ganesh Kesheorey

Abstract- Connecting rod was an element found within a combustion engine. By way of the connecting rod, the piston is attached to the crankshaft and transfers forces there. Depending on the number of cylinders in the engine, any automobile with an internal combustion engine requires at least one rod. In other words, a connecting rod is a stiff part that connects the piston and crankshaft of a reciprocating engine. Together with the crank, it creates the fundamental mechanism that converts reciprocal motion into rotational motion. In this FEM analysis of connecting rod using ANSYS has been done.

Analysis Of Harmonics And Power Quality For Microgrid Connected To 500 Kw Solar Pv Plant

Authors- Siddharth Bisariya, Prof. Indrajeet Kumar, Prof. Priyank Gour

Abstract- The plant (an arrangement of solar panels) which converts solar energy to light energy from the sun into electrical energy (charge emission) is called a solar power plant process. In solar plant there are many solar panels are connected and in panels there are many cells units which make panels. In which special metal is used which is in the form of lines and these lines are also connected to very thin lines and all these lines are connected to a metal line frame which is mainly quadrilateral in shape. So there is large area to trap light i.e. now there is a suitable area for light to fall on it as the metal arrangement in large to fall on it electrons start’s to emit from thin lines to metal frame and current goes into a diode box which is behind the panel and then comes into supply wires.

Possible Grading of Pure and Impure Dielectrics in High Voltage Engineering

Authors- Ruchitha M.P, Manoj M, Fariya Nadeem, Surya Narayana S,

Abstract- High voltage engineering involves the design and operation of systems that handle voltages exceeding standard limits. One critical aspect of high voltage engineering is the effective grading of dielectric materials to mitigate electric field stress and prevent electrical breakdown. This abstract presents a comprehensive analysis of grading techniques employed for both pure and impure dielectrics, aiming to enhance the understanding of their characteristics and applications in high voltage systems. The study begins by outlining the fundamental principles of dielectric grading and its significance in high voltage applications. It explores the key differences between pure and impure dielectrics, highlighting their distinct electrical properties, breakdown mechanisms, and response to electric fields.

Structural Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge with Different Shape of Pylon Using Staad Pro

Authors- PG Schloar Abdullah Khan, Prof. Saleem Akhtar

Abstract- The need for intricate, cost-effective engineering constructions with outstanding aesthetics has increased over the past few decades, and cable stayed bridges have also seen an increase in interest in these structures This study focuses on modeling cable-stayed bridges with various pylon shapes. One of the contemporary bridges designed for longer spans is the cable stayed bridge. STAAD Pro is used in this study to design the bridge, model it, and conduct assessments for the various types of pylons. In order to determine the most effective form of pylon design, three scenarios are compared on the basis of shear force, Torsion, bending moment in terms of self weight and IRC Class 70R Loading. The findings are helpful in limiting the limitations of other pylon kinds.

KNN Based Medical Image Diagnosis by
Content Features

Authors- Dr.Pushpendra Anuragi, Dr. Pratima Gautam

Abstract- Medical science works in different field for increasing the understanding of living organism. Medical image is great tool to understand the status of different disease. To improve the diagnosis of health reports researcher introduce automation. Infected patient reports are clustered separately from healthy patient reports according to the approach provided in this study. The input report is parsed to pull out two content features: a co-occurrence matrix feature and a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) coefficient. The report’s in-depth diagnosis is provided through feature extraction from blocked images. The extracted characteristics are then utilized to determine which feature set best groups infected and uninfected reports into distinct clusters. The model uses a K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) clustering technique to locate the cluster’s centers.

Optimizing the Motor Efficiency of Different Electrical Vehicles for Indian Road

Authors- Asst. Prof. Babu Rajendra Prasad, Bharath S, Maneesh N, Harsha N, Shivani Sathish

Abstract- The improvement of both the stability and economy of the four in-wheel motor drive (4IWMD) electric vehicle under complex drive cycles is currently a difficult problem in this field. A torque distribution method with the comprehensive goals of optimal torque distribution and energy efficiency, considering economy through energy efficiency for the 4IWMD electric vehicle, is proposed in this paper. Each component of the 4IWMD electric vehicle is modelled. The dynamic programming (DP) control algorithm is utilized for torque distribution between the front and rear in-wheel motors to obtain optimal torque distribution and energy efficiency in the 4IWMD electric vehicle. The simulation is performed on a co-simulation platform with the software of AVL Cruise and MATLAB/Simulink, considering a straight road. The hardware-in-the loop (HIL) experimental results also indicate that the effectiveness of the proposed DP algorithm is verified under the NEDC, WLTC and IM240 driving cycles, when a straight road is considered. The proposed DP control algorithm not only reduces the vehicle energy consumption and guarantees the optimization of torque distribution, but also increases the driving range of the vehicle.

Smart Solar Power Connected Grid

Authors- Samiksha Tripathi, Associate Professor Arun Pachori

Abstract- This paper presents review and Introduction of power system islanding and islanding detection techniques. Islanding detection techniques, for a distribution system with distributed generation (DG), can broadly be divided into remote and local techniques. A remote islanding detection technique is associated with islanding detection on the utility side, whereas a local technique is associated with islanding detection on the DG side. Local techniques can further be divided into passive techniques, active techniques and hybrid techniques. These islanding detection techniques for DG are described and analyzed.

Utilizing Deep Learning Algorithm for Enhanced Visual Product Identification

Authors- Aisha Rahmayanti, Saliyah Kahar,Trismayanti Dwi P

Abstract- Deep learning algorithms have revolutionized the field of computer vision in recent years. One such area is visually impaired individuals, who rely on visual product identification apps to navigate the world around them. One particularly effective, cost-efficient supervised learning approach that may be used to solve a variety of challenging problems is deep learning. Deep learning makes it possible to achieve better results because it has a variety of illustrative qualities and does not rely on any specific learning techniques. Deep learning is widely employed in many applications, including image classification, face identification, speech recognition, visual recognition, language processing, object detection, and numerous science and business analysis. deep learning is explained through a thorough examination of deep learning architectures, their traits, and their drawbacks. Many studies have developed the assistive technology using android application which useful in today world and people with visually impaired can make use of this technology to help them accomplished on their daily routine. CNN and other deep learning methods can be utilized in the development of visual product identification algorithms. This training process involves repeated iterations of providing input data and adjusting algorithm parameters to improve product identification capabilities. For image recognition tasks, CNN are frequently utilized, including visual product identification. They are designed to automatically learn and extract features from images by using multiple layers of convolution and pooling operations. CNN have achieved modern performance in a variety of image recognition tasks.

Assessment of Flooding Scenarios and Flood Risk Due to Storm Surges Using DEM: A Case Study of Dacope Upzila

Authors- Lecturer Md. Sakhawat Hossain, Lecturer Md. Salahuddin

Abstract- Dacope Upzila in Khulna district of Bangladesh is a badly affected area due to storm surge during cyclone Aila and Sidr. In this study, the Digital Elevation Model of the site is developed using GIS interface. The assessment of flooding scenarios and flood risk are performed for the Upzila due to storm surge. The study reveals that approximately 371.6 km2 of the site is flooded due to the height of storm surge of 7m above the mean sea level. It is also found that about 47 km2 and 269 km2 are at high risk according to age group population data and household construction materials data, respectively while 222 km2 and 58.5 km2, and 102.6 km2 and 44.1 km2 are at moderate and low risk, respectively. Moreover, the household survey reveals that about 25.3% of population is highly vulnerable while 22.4% and 52.3% of them face moderate and low vulnerability, respectively.

Cyber security

Authors- Handhah Sari M, Rashidi Humoud H

Abstract- Cybersecurity encompasses a variety of measures to protect computer systems and networks from unauthorized access, damage, or theft. Cybersecurity is a pressing issue due to the rampant increase in cyber threats that can lead to significant losses and potential threats to privacy, data, and networks. This paper provides an overview of cybersecurity, explores the importance of cybersecurity, and presents some of the significant challenges in ensuring safe and secure cyberspace. Additionally, the paper provides suggestions to address challenges faced in implementing cybersecurity policies.

Design Optimization of Automotive Disc
Brake: A Review Paper

Authors- Sonu Singh Rajput, HOD. Dr. Gouraw Beohar, Principal Dr. Shailesh Gupta

Abstract- Disc brakes were first used in the manufacture of aeroplanes. Early in the 1950s, the Jaguar C-type, which employed loose round pads, and the D-type, the first vehicle with disc brakes on all four wheels (each disc including six round resistive pads!) were introduced to the motor industry. Owing to its increased efficiency, less weight, and better “fade” performance compared to drum brakes, disc brakes started to replace drum brakes more often in the 1970s (usually just on the front wheels, where the braking load is simpler due to the weight relocation).Drum systems had a serious issue with brake “fade”; also, with hard braking, the car would descend more slowly at the conclusion of the stop, which is an unsafe and undesirable characteristic. As disc brakes have grown in popularity, nearly all passenger cars now have them on the front wheels (drums are normally used on the back), and many high-performance vehicles also have them on every axle. Discs are also used in a variety of commercial vehicles; however, their exposed design might cause issues in some extreme conditions. Many locomotives that pull rolling stock also have disc brakes.

Unveiling the Black Box: Exploring Explainable AI in Predictive Modeling for Fetal Health

Authors- Sameedha More, Aarya Patil, Shruti Teltumbade, Saniya Bhalla, Dr. M A Pradhan

Abstract- This research project aims to develop a predictive model for fetal health using machine learning techniques, with a particular focus on leveraging explainable AI (XAI) methods. The dataset utilized in this study was obtained from Cardiotocography (CTG) machines, providing valuable numerical data related to fetal health monitoring. The project involved pre-processing steps, including oversampling, normalization, and principal component analysis (PCA), to enhance the dataset’s quality and relevance. The Random Forest algorithm was selected as the machine learning model due to its classification capabilities and potential for interpretability. Performance evaluation metrics were employed to assess the model’s accuracy in predicting fetal health outcomes. XAI techniques were then applied to gain insights into the decision-making process of the model, providing explanations and justifications for its predictions. The outcomes of this study contribute to the prevention of fetal and maternal mortality by providing an interpretable predictive model for early identification of high-risk pregnancies.

A Review On Optimization Of Counter flow Heat Exchanger Using Rsm Method

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Pooja Patel, Prof. Sujeet Kumar Singh

Abstract- Thermal power stations, chemical processing plants, air conditioning equipment, freezers, petrochemical, biomedical, and food processing facilities are only some of the many current uses for heat exchangers with twisted-tape inserts, which promote convective heat transmission. The thermal performance of heat exchangers can be enhanced by the application of heat transfer improvement methods. Therefore, improving heat exchange efficiency can have a significant influence on thermal efficiency and cost-effectiveness in systems that use heat transfer processes in their design and operation. The most common applications for DPHEs are in high-temperature and high-pressure environments because of their small size. It is possible to achieve the desired heat transfer rate within the limits of the heat exchanger’s design and length with a minimum amount of pumping power by employing one of many strategies. Active and passive augmentation techniques were distinguished.

Optimization Of Counterflow Heat Exchanger Using Rsm Method

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Pooja Patel, Prof. Sujeet Kumar Singh

Abstract- The thermal performance of heat exchangers can be enhanced by the application of heat transfer improvement methods. Improving heat exchange efficiency can have a significant influence on thermal efficiency and cost-effectiveness in systems that use heat transfer processes in their design and operation. This study aims to analyse the performance and optimisation of counterflow heat exchanger using RSM method. Result shows higher value of effectiveness of counterflow heat exchanger as compared to the study of Sridharan (2021).The application of RSM method improves the effectiveness of counterflow heat exchanger.Best result is achieved from applying of RSM method.

Speed Control of Electromagnetic Controlled Single Phase Asynchronous Motor Using Cyclo Converter

Authors- Sadiya, Sabir Ali

Abstract- It is possible to increase the efficiency of an asynchronous motor’s speed by managing the functioning of a cyclo-converter, which sequentially regulates the quality characteristics of a single phase (split phase) asynchronously motor. Changing the number of poles on a single phase asynchronous motor is an approach of adjusting speed, while the other is to change the frequency. First approach is not cost-effective; nevertheless, because the number of poles cannot be altered when the system is running, the overall size of the machine also rises. In the second approach, the frequency may be varied while the motor is operating, and there is no need to modify the size of the motor. This approach makes use of a frequency altering gadget to function as a step down cyclo-converter. By adjusting the firing orientations of the cyclo-converter, it is feasible to manage the amplitude and frequency of the output voltage. In situations when the frequency response is low, the amount of distortion is quite low. The cyclo-converter eliminates the necessity for a flywheel in that machine. This work explains how speed of asynchronous motor is varied in three steps f/2, f/3, and f/4 using MATLAB/ Simulink.

Design of Beach Cleaning Machine

Authors- Dr.B. Ravi, Professor TVS. Krishna Saket,Sailaja Sreeya Nemani

Abstract- This project is proposed to design and develop a working beach cleaning machine to clean the beaches. This machine enables the total work in cleaning the beaches. It reduces the cost and labor associated with cleaning the beach.Thefocus is on developing a machine in a pragmatic way which is both cheap and easy to use. The waste is collected through a conveyor blade. It consists of a belt that moves and collects the waste and the collected material will be drawn to the box. This system helps to keep the beach clean and saves the ocean life from garbage pollution. Beaches are the main attractive tourist places in the coastal areas of India. They are also the most polluted places.To clean the place, It takes up a lot of resources and time. The workers need to work manually in order to pick up the waste. The waste when thrown, gets covered with sand making it hard to spot the waste. Followed by the heat and humid climate of the beaches,the workers find it extremely difficult to collect the waste. We designed and fabricated a beach application which gives advantage to get rid of the difficulties.

Analyse and Evaluate the Performance Of Centrifugal Blower Using Ansys Software

Authors- Research Scholar Kumar Neeraj, Asst. Prof. Ishan Khan, Asst.Prof.Yogesh Mishra

Stability studies of free and microencapsulated Lactobacillus caseiunder gastrointestinal conditions for probiotic yogurt preparation

Authors- Priyanka G1, R. Venkata Bhargavi2, Krishna Satya Alapati

Abstract- Probiotics have emerged as powerful agents for promoting gastrointestinal health, with Lactobacillus casei being a prominent candidate. In this innovative research, L. caseiwas isolated from milk and thoroughly examined for its probiotic properties. Recognizing the critical role of storage conditions in probiotic effectiveness, we investigated the impact of co-encapsulation with complementary oat starch, a potent prebiotic.The encapsulation process demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the viability of L.caseiunder simulated gastrointestinal conditions, laying a strong foundation for its therapeutic potential. Microencapsulation technique is quiet a challenging task which involves selection of suitable and nontoxic biopolymers. Through meticulous monitoring and stability evaluation over an 8-week storage period, we unveiled an astonishing revelation – encapsulated L. casei exhibited significantly increased viability compared to its non-encapsulated counterpart. Observation of storage at different temperatures plays a crucial role in understanding the shelf life of the probiotic product. The microencapsulated probiotic beads were successfully incorporated in to yogurt. The storage evaluation and stability studies are much helpful for future predictions in the applications, such as probiotic yogurt preparation in the current study. The tolerance to the adverse gastric conditions due to variations in pH and bile concentrations of L.caseihas been examined and it was proven to be an excellent probiotic. These findings offer a ground breaking approach to preserving the viability of L. casei during storage, an essential consideration for its successful application as a probiotic supplement. The synergistic relationship between L. casei and oat starch holds the promise of revolutionizing the probiotic industry, paving the way for new opportunities in enhancing gut health and overall well-being.

The Effects of Exercise on Mental Well-being: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Authors- Paulo Sergio Santos Negrete

Abstract- This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on mental well-being in a diverse sample of 100 adult participants. The participants, including both males and females, were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. Mental well-being was assessed using self-reported measures of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in mental well-being among participants in the exercise group compared to the control group. Specifically, the exercise group demonstrated a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and perceived stress levels, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. These findings highlight the potential benefits of regular exercise in enhancing mental well-being, supporting previous research on the positive impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The results emphasize the importance of incorporating exercise interventions as a feasible and effective strategy for promoting mental well-being in diverse adult populations. Further research is warranted to explore longer intervention durations, different exercise modalities, and objective measures to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements in mental well-being.

Wildlife Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

Authors- HOD. Dr. M. Rajeswari, UG Scholar Akanksha Kumari, UG Scholar Geethanjali P, UG Scholar Sanjana V Gujjar, UG Scholar Shradha Bhat

Abstract- Protection of endangered species requires continuous detection and updated information about their existence. Remotely activated camera or “camera traps” is a reliable and effective method of photo documentation of local population size. However, manually analyzing a huge number of photos and collected footage is incredibly time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. Recent developments in deep learning techniques have showed promising results for the identification of objects and species in images. This paper proposes an automated wildlife detecting system that uses computer vision techniques to classify images and methods for machine learning. The objective is to validate and train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) namely MobileNet-SSD with detection capabilities wildlife captured on camera. Creating a flexible CNN architecture using labelled photos gathered from common benchmark datasets from several citizen science initiatives, deploying it in TensorFlow Lite format and measuring the Performance of the model. The model is updated to incorporate fresh camera-trap imaging data to better identify species. The effectiveness is assessed depending on how accurately the images are classified. Adding more training images of animals could also improve the performance of the detection model on the same task.

Design And Performance Evaluation Of A Low-Power CMOS LC VCO For High-Frequency Applications

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Jyanti lodhi

Abstract- This paper presents the design of a Low Power CMOS LC Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) specifically optimized for C-band applications. The design incorporates a cross-coupled differential LC VCO topology, carefully balancing the trade-off between phase noise and power consumption. The circuit is implemented using a 70nm CMOS technology, making it suitable for wireless applications. To achieve a wide frequency tuning range, a variable MOS capacitance is employed by modulating the gate voltage of the MOS transistor, which aligns with the requirements of the tuning frequency of the LC VCO circuit spans from 4.99 to 5.38 GHz, achieved by applying a tuning voltage ranging from 1.5 to 2.7 V. Remarkably, this VCO topology exhibits a significantly low power dissipation of 1.40mW at its maximum oscillation frequency, surpassing conventional VCO designs in terms of power efficiency.C-band applications. The simulation is carried out using Tanner EDA 14.0 on the 70nm CMOS technology.

Factors Affecting the Student’s Acceptance of Online Class Platforms in Management and Science University, Malaysia

Authors- Ghaffar Rafli Rozani, Dr Adiza Alhassan Musah, AP. Dr. Ooi Boon Keat, Prof. Dr. Ir. Bagus P. , Yudhia K., M.P

Abstract- The world is facing an attack of the coronavirus, which is reported to have originated from Wuhan, China. This led the Malaysian prime minister to give a directive that all educational institutes be closed. Therefore, learning that is usually face-to-face becomes online. The main objective of this research is to find out whether students want to be part of choosing an online learning platform that is acceptable to Malaysian students. Data analysis in this study is linear regression analysis used with online questionnaires as a data collection strategy. The results of this study were obtained in research conducted through the distribution of online questionnaires using the google form. There were 211 respondents who responded to the questionnaire. The results in this study as a whole all variables have a positive and significant effect. However, there are research results that have almost no effect such as the perceived usefulness variable behavioral intention to use. With the result of T statistic of 2.033 which is greater than T table of 1.652 with a significance of 0.047 less than 0.05, then H0 is rejected. Ha is accepted. It means all the factors mentioned in this study can affect the students acceptance of online class platforms in Malaysia.

Analysis on the stretcher frame of an ambulance by the Arduino UNO-R3 code and Ansys work bench for the vibration optimization

Authors- Asst.Prof. Praveena R, Asst.Prof. Mujeebur Rehaman, Asst.Prof. Ajey C P, Asst.Prof. Koushik P, Asst.Prof. K, Ashok R B

Abstract- It is an experimental project to improve the stabilization of the stretcher in an ambulance, instability caused by emergency braking and steering during ambulance operation would easily lead to a sharp rise of blood pressure in patient’s head, which would further cause a secondary injury to the patient. Furthermore, the vibration generated by uneven road would result in patient’s nausea and deterioration of patient’s condition. To reduce induced vibrations experienced in the patient-care compartment of an ambulance. Measures must be taken against such vibration. Vibrations in medical environments can pose significant challenges to patient comfort, safety, and healthcare professionals. Stretcher design plays a crucial role in mitigating these effects and providing a stable and comfortable platform for patients during transportation. The proposed stretcher design represents a significant advancement in vibration control for medical transportation. By minimizing vibrations and providing a stable and comfortable platform, this design has the potential to improve patient outcomes, reduce discomfort, and enhance the overall quality of care. Further research and testing are required to validate the effectiveness of this design in real-world medical environments.

On Finding Integer Solutions to Sextic
Equation With Three Unknowns

Authors- Assistant Professor Shanthi ,Prof. M.A.Gopalan

Abstract- This paper deals with the problem of finding non-zero distinct integer solutions to the non-homogeneous ternary sextic equation given by.

Review On Life Cycle Optimization Of Residential Air Conditioner Replacement Using Artificial Neural Network

Authors- Sawan Johara, Assistant Professor Deepak Solanki

Abstract- A two-in two-out steady-state artificial neural network (ANN)-based model for an experimental variable speed direct expansion air conditioning (A/C) system has been developed for simulating its total output cooling capacity and equipment sensible heat ratio under different combinations of compressor and supply fan speeds. Experiments were carried out, and totally sets of experimental data were obtained for ANN training and testing. An ANN-based model having the configuration of 2 neurons in the input layer, neurons in the output layer and neurons in each of the hidden layers, i.e. configuration, was thus developed. The ANN-based model developed can be used to predict the operating performance of the A/C system with a higher accuracy. It is expected that the model Review can help design a multivariable-input multivariable-output strategy to simultaneously control indoor air temperature and humidity.

CFD Analysis Of Enhancement Of Solar Air Heater Using W-Shaped Roughness

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Amrit Suman, Prof. Brijendra Kumar Yadav

Abstract- Fossil fuel reservoirs are finite, making the current trajectory of energy consumption and growth unsustainable in the long term. To address this, harnessing solar energy efficiently emerges as a promising solution. Among renewable sources, solar energy stands out, with the conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy proving to be a simple and effective method for various applications like space heating, agricultural product drying, and industrial processes, facilitated by solar air heaters. However, the efficiency of these heaters is hampered by a low convective heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and the passing air, mainly due to the presence of a viscous sub-layer. In this study CFD analysis of solar air heater has been done.

Highly Sensitive Dual-Core Photonic Metal Fiber

Authors- Jessica L. Mount, Vernon R. Brown, Prof. Justin C. Meadows

Abstract- In this study, we propose an all-solid cladding dual-core metal fiber (DC-MF) filled with toluene and ethanol for temperature sensing applications. Instead of using air holes in the cladding region, we employ fluorine-doped silica glass to form an all-solid cladding. By selectively filling toluene and ethanol into three air holes near the core region, we investigate the temperature sensing characteristics numerically. Simulation results demonstrate that the average sensitivity of the temperature sensing can reach -11.64 and -7.41 nm/℃ within the temperature ranges of 0 to 70 ℃ and -80 to 0 ℃, respectively, even with a short DC-MF length of 1.6 mm. The maximum sensitivity in the considered temperature ranges can reach up to -15 and -9 nm/℃, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed temperature sensor exhibits insensitivity to hydrostatic pressure.

CFD Analysis of Tubular and Sector-By-Sector Helical Coil Heat Exchanger

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Shashi Kumar Keshri, Prof. Sujeet Kumar Singh

Abstract- A heat exchanger may be defined as an equipment which transfers the energy from a hot fluid to a cold fluid, with maximum rate and minimum investment and running cost. The rate of transfer of heat depends on the conductivity of the dividing wall and convective heat transfer coefficient between the wall and fluids. The heat transfer rate also varies depending on the boundary conditions such as adiabatic or insulated wall conditions. Heat exchange between flowing fluids is one of the most important physical processes of concern, and a variety of heat exchangers are used in different type of installations, as in process industries, compact heat exchangers nuclear power plant, HVACs, food processing, refrigeration, etc. The purpose of constructing a heat exchanger is to get an efficient method of heat transfer from one fluid to another, by direct contact or by indirect contact..

Missing Data Analysis: Understanding the Gaps in Information

Authors- Dr. Muralidharan.A.R

Abstract- Missing data is a common challenge in research and data analysis, arising from various factors such as non-response and data errors. This abstract highlights the significance of missing data analysis, its implications, and methodologies used for handling such gaps. Addressing missing data is crucial to avoid biased results and erroneous conclusions. Researchers must differentiate between missing data mechanisms, including missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR), to make appropriate analysis decisions. Methods like complete case analysis, mean/median imputation, multiple imputation, maximum likelihood estimation, and sensitivity analysis offer ways to handle missing data. Each method has its strengths and limitations, demanding careful consideration based on data characteristics. By applying proper missing data analysis, researchers ensure the integrity of their findings and enhance the validity of their research, contributing to knowledge advancement in their respective fields.

A Survey on Land Irrigation Types and Survey of Malwa Region

Authors- Suprant Sharma, Asst. Prof. Hariram Rathore

Abstract- The importance of irrigation in agricultural development and its impact on various aspects of farming is high. To study this kind of research needs an interdisciplinary approach, combining environmental science, hydrology, economics, and social sciences to comprehensively evaluate the proposed inter basin water transfer and lift scheme in the Malwa Plateau Region. This paper brief different types of irrigation apply in India, MP region. Further a deep survey of the Malwa region was done in the paper for the analysis of irrigation and steps to be taken to improve it more.

Impact of the Environmental Design for Switchgear Applications of High Voltage Substations

Authors- Asst. Prof. Babu Rajendra Prasad, Harshith S, Deekshitha D Y, Sampritha K, Pratheek Raj M G

Abstract- As taking the environment into account in electrical installations is a growing major concern of electricity companies and their industrial customers, especially considering the pressure exerted by public opinion and relayed by political decision-makers. These new requirements represent a new approach for manufacturers, especially if they use them as a means to develop new, more competitive products, and open up a channel of communication with the markets. There are now concepts, standards and technical tools available to support this environmental approach. A concrete case of taking environmental aspects into account will be presented within the framework of the development of a new GIS range. In parallel with this “manufacturer approach ” of the environmental design, one will examine also the “market approach” in term of communication and possibility of comparison and choice of the switch gear on Technicon-economic and environmental criteria.

Intelligent Harmonic Mitigation: A Study on Reducing THD in Power Systems using Artificial Intelligence

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Shahid Ahmad Bhat, Asst. Prof. Er. Junesh, Professor Dr. Gurpreet Singh

Abstract- Minimization of current harmonics is a critical aspect in electrical power systems and electronic equipment to ensure optimal performance and reliability. Current harmonics are periodic distortions in the sinusoidal waveform of the current, often caused by nonlinear loads. These harmonics can lead to various detrimental effects, such as increased losses, reduced power factor, equipment overheating, and interference with other sensitive devices.

Smart Door Guard Using Face Recognition

Authors- Franklin Dalmet, Reshma C R

Abstract- The “Smart Door Guard” project introduces an innovative IoT-based solution aimed at enhancing front door security through the integration of advanced face recognition technology with voice-based output. The primary objective of this project is to create a cutting-edge and intelligent system that effectively safeguards the front entrance of residential and commercial premises, providing a seamless and secure access control mechanism. The system consists of a network of interconnected IoT devices, including a high-resolution camera, a sensitive microphone, a powerful processing unit, and a high-fidelity speaker. The camera, strategically positioned at the front door, captures detailed facial images of approaching individuals, while the microphone records and analyzes spoken names during initial encounters. These audio samples are utilized to create distinct voiceprints associated with each person, contributing to a robust and reliable identification process. Central to the Smart Door Guard is a state-of-the-art face recognition algorithm powered by deep learning methodologies. The algorithm meticulously analyzes the facial features of individuals attempting to gain access, comparing them against a pre-registered database of authorized users. Through continuous learning and adaptation, the system is capable of accommodating variations in facial appearance due to expressions, accessories, or lighting conditions, ensuring consistent and accurate identification results. Upon successful facial recognition, the system triggers the voice-based output module, which utilizes advanced speech synthesis techniques to produce human-like vocal notifications. The Smart Door Guard announces the name of the identified person in real-time, providing seamless interaction with the occupants inside, eliminating the need for manual verification or visual confirmation.

Design and Implementation of Smart Energy Management System for Stand-alone Micro-hydro Systems

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Ram Pravesh Chauhan, Prof. Dr. Shweta Chourasia

Abstract- The Thesis work mainly focuses on uncontrolled hydro turbine feeding a single load. A STATCOM is proposed in a place which is based on Matlab simulation involving synchronously rotating dq reference. As STATCOM is designed for unity power. A battery is connected on the dc side which is charged & discharged by the bidirectional activity of STATCOM. This action helps to keep the frequency constant which is very critical in an isolated grid. The STATCOM also performs other functions like voltage regulation, harmonic elimination & neutral current compensation. & by the use of STATCOM system can Reached To Steady Stat Condition By The Under Simulated Time & Power Quality Will Be Improved.

Performance Characteristics of Mixed Biofuels in Single Cylinder In C.I Engine

Authors- Aafreen Khanam,Asst.Prof. Nitin Tenguria

Abstract- Now a day’s world, better technologies to harvest energy efficiently are of extreme importance, because any country’s economic development is decided by electrical energy generation and the sources. The energy security is a major concern of worldwide. The gap between the energy demand and supply increases unpredictably every year, as a result of continuous growth in industrialization and improvement in lifestyle. Owing to the fossil fuel constraints and the intensifying pollution, various nations around the globe has put their limits on exhausted missions from the vehicles. These concerns led to research on alternative renewable fuels. Biofuels was the key, but a consistent scientific framework is needed to ensure policies thatmaximize the positive and minimize the negative aspects of biofuels. Theincreased move towards biofuels is instigated by global political, economic, and environmental events, especially rising crude oil prices. To over come these circumstances, many researchers turn their observations to wardsnon-edible oil fuels. Researchers have tested edible oils like soya bean oil, palm oil,cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, peanutoil as the feedstockfor biodiesel. In that respect there are a vast number of trees,bushes, and herbs availablein Indiathat can be practiced to create alternative fuel to diesel.Experiments wereconducted in acomputerized single-cylinder, four-stroke, directinjection diesel engineusing mixed biodiesel. To determine the fuel consumption, optical sensor wasused. The air flow rate is measured by a differential pressure transducer.

Study of Bitwise Operations in C/C++

Authors- Assistant Professor Sudipta Acharjee

Abstract- Bitwise operators are characters that represent actions (bitwise operations) to be performed on single bits. They operate at the binary level and perform operations on bit patterns that involve the manipulation of individual bits.Bitwise operations in C/C++ are asked frequently in programming interviews as well as competitive programming. Therefore, it’s essential to practice problems that use a variety of approaches and algorithms.In C/C++, bitwise operators perform operations on integer data at the individual bit-level. These operations include testing, setting, or shifting the actual bits.We use the bitwise operators in C language to perform operations on the available data at a bit level. Thus, performing a bitwise operation is also called bit-level programming. It is mainly used in numerical computations for a faster calculation because it consists of two digits – 1 or 0.In this article, we will take a look into the Bitwise Operators in C and C++ according to the use with the help of programming codes.In this article, we will learn about different types of operands and bitwise operators in C/C++, their functionality and examples of how to use them.

An Analysis of the Capability of Machine Learning to Recognize Facial Expressions

Authors- M.Tech.Scholar Pritesh Raut, Prof. Dikshika Maliwad

Abstract- – The apparent emotional state of an individual within the realm of interpersonal communication, the acquisition and proficiency of the capability to both provide and accept appreciation is seen as a challenging and crucial endeavor. The interpretation of individuals’ emotional states and intentions may be readily discerned from their facial expressions. Facial expressions play a significant role in nonverbal communication. The reliance on deep neural networks is increasing in the field of automated face expression recognition. One contributing factor to this phenomenon is the transition of Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) from controlled laboratory settings to real-world contexts, whereby deep learning techniques have shown their efficacy across many sectors. Recent advancements in deep facial expression recognition (FER) systems have focused on tackling two significant challenges. The first challenge is over fitting, which arises when the available training data is insufficient to effectively capture the complexity of facial expressions. The second challenge pertains to extraneous factors that are unrelated to the subject’s expression, including lighting conditions, head position variations, and identification bias. These concerns have been the topic of considerable attention in the development of deep FER systems. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of deep facial expression recognition (FER), including datasets and methodologies that give insights into the pertinent concerns. Firstly, we will examine the datasets that are accessible to the general public. The datasets under consideration have been subject to thorough examination in the scientific literature, with researchers using a range of methodologies for data selection and evaluation. Subsequently, a comprehensive elucidation of the conventional deep Facial Expression Recognition (FER) system pipeline is presented, accompanied by pertinent contextual knowledge and suggestions for efficacious implementations at every stage. This study focuses on the latest advancements in deep neural networks and training methodologies for Facial Expression Recognition (FER) in the context of static pictures and dynamic image sequences. It also examines the benefits and limitations associated with these techniques. This section also includes other frequently used benchmarks. In order to enhance the use of our poll, we include additional subjects and objectives. Finally, we will analyze the persisting obstacles and potential prospects within this industry, as well as strategies for developing resilient deep Facial Expression Recognition (FER) systems in the foreseeable future.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Tubular Heat Exchanger with Twisted Tape

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Uttam Kumar, Prof. Suresh Kumar Badholiya

Abstract- – Thermal power stations, chemical processing plants, air conditioning equipment, freezers, petrochemical, biomedical, and food processing facilities are only some of the many current uses for heat exchangers with twisted-tape inserts, which promote convective heat transmission. As the twisted tape insert adds swirl to the bulk flow, it causes the thermal boundary layer on the tube’s surface to separate. The thermal performance of heat exchangers can be enhanced by the application of heat transfer improvement methods. Tape inserts are a common passive heat transfer augmentation method used in many settings. These include air conditioning and refrigeration systems as well as the food processing sector..

Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Chevron Nozzle using Taguchi Method

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Umashankar Kumar, Prof. Suresh Kumar Badholiya

Abstract- – One of the most pressing issues in aviation today is noise pollution and the imperative to significantly lessen the noise exposure of communities in close proximity to airports. The most significant times of noise production in aircraft occur during takeoff and landing. The engines of a commercial airliner are typically the loudest parts of the plane. The secondary source is found in the surrounding airflow (aerodynamic source). In this paper thermal analysis and optimization of chevron nozzle using Taguchi method has been done.

Vibration Analysis and Damping Characteristics of Laminated Composite with Cut-Out

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Ankit Jain, Prof.Ravindra Kumar Raj

Abstract- – Advantages of fibrous composites and lamination are combined in laminated fiber-strengthened composites. Fiber-reinforced materials are used in the construction of each layer. The fibers in each lamina are laid out differently to impart different qualities and levels of stiffness. So, the most favored perspective with fibre reinforced composite materials is that, the with right lamination processes, quality and rigid solidity may be achieved in a specific direction as per the needs of the design. In this paper FEM analysis of laminated composite plate has been done.

Construction Management in Bangladesh: A Case Study of Low-Rise Buildings of Rangpur City Corporation

Authors- Nabila Islam Shorna, Most. Shuborna Khatun, Fahmida Akter, Md. Mahamudul Hasan

Abstract- – Construction projects have been managed since old ages, but recently, the great revolution in technology, and the significant changes in the construction industry, forced changes in the way projects are managed. The main aim of this research was to study the present situation of project management in rural areas of Rangpur, Bangladesh and to identify the problems in managing construction projects. For the study, six construction sites of Rangpur, Bangladesh were investigated and visited for six months. There were four residential buildings, one school building and one mosque, all of them being two storied. Data were collected by questioning to the worker, site engineer and owner, and also by self-observation and measurement. For our study, we chose 20 parameters that are crucial for any building construction work. All the data derived were categorized and presented by graph for better understanding. We found that all the raw materials used in the construction work conforms to the ASTM guideline. Dissimilarities with drawings were observed in almost all the sites. Least attention was given while storing aggregates, mixing concrete. Some good practices, like use of steel shuttering and scaffoldings, braced excavations, increased days of curing were observed to raise. Reluctance for sub-soil investigation was notable. However, more studies can be done on this topic taking buildings of various types along with tall and slender ones.

Energy Analysis Of Triple Effect Lithium Bromide Absorption Refrigeration System

Authors- M.Tech. Scholar Sourabh Singh Patel, Prof. Nitin Tenguria

Abstract- – The decreasing supply of fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, and oil and the growing negative effect of these fuels make renewable energy sources more and more essential. Therefore, absorption refrigeration systems (ARSs) have been increasingly preferred over vapor compression refrigeration systems in recent years. Here are some of ARS primary benefits: They may make use of several renewable energy sources (such geothermal or solar) and, depending on the working fluid pairs employed in the system, do not deplete the ozone layer.therefore, in this paper, a thermal analysis on energy analysis of triple effect lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system has been done.

Environmental Image Watermarking Using Butterfly Genetic Algorithm (EIWBA)

Authors- Vinay Kumar Shukla, Prof. Manish Gurjar

Abstract- – Environmental images taken from the satellite were used for the analysis of different type of forecasting, like weather, crop yield, etc. In order to provide the authenticity of the valid source watermark embedding is need to be done. This work has proposed a model Environmental Image Watermarking using Butterfly algorithm (EIWBA) that embedded watermark into the environmental image. For selection of embedding pixel values butterfly genetic algorithm was used. Selected region for embedding by butterfly algorithm increases his robustness of the image against noise attack. Experiment was done on real dataset images and result shows that proposed model has improved the work performance.

Comprehensive Review of ICH Stability Guidelines: Q1A to Q1F

Authors- Tandale Prashant S., Kalamkar Rajendra D., Jagtap Manisha M., Garje Sanjay Y., Sayyed Gaffar A.

Abstract- – The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) has played a pivotal role in establishing globally accepted stability guidelines for pharmaceutical products, ensuring their quality, efficacy, and safety throughout their shelf-life. This review paper critically examines the evolution, principles, and significance of ICH stability guidelines in the context of pharmaceutical development and regulatory approval processes. The paper begins by tracing the historical development of ICH stability guidelines, highlighting key milestones and collaborative efforts that have shaped the current regulatory landscape. It explores the rationale behind the establishment of stability testing, emphasizing the importance of maintaining product quality, identifying degradation pathways, and establishing appropriate storage conditions. The ICH stability guidelines, comprising Q1A(R2), Q1B, Q1C, Q1D, Q1E, and Q1F documents, provide harmonized global standards that guide the design, execution, and evaluation of stability studies for new drug substances and drug products. A comprehensive analysis of the ICH stability testing framework is provided, encompassing the various zones (I to IV) and their corresponding climatic conditions. The intricate interplay between stress testing, accelerated stability studies, and long-term stability studies is examined, shedding light on their roles in predicting product behavior over time. Furthermore, the review delves into the parameters evaluated during stability studies, including physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes, and their relevance in assessing product stability.

Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality

Authors- Asst. Prof. T. C. Reshma (Reshma Chandran T)

Abstract- – The monitoring and assessment of water quality are critical components of environmental management and public health protection. Access to clean and safe water is essential for human well-being and ecosystem sustainability. Effective water quality monitoring involves the systematic collection of data on physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological parameters that characterize the condition of a water body. Parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutrient levels, heavy metals, and microbial contaminants are commonly measured to evaluate water quality. This study was aimed to determine water quality parameters samples of water were collected from three different areas in Visakhapatnam. Collected three samples sample A (Pendurthi tap water), sample B (Duvada), and sample C (Meggadari Gedda reserviour) and each from four different areas. Over the due course of time various parameters regarding the water quality were analyzed & the Indian Standards: 10500 (Drinking water specifications) was referred to in order to check the acceptability of water. The parameters which were analyzed are as follows: Determination of PH, Acidity, Alkalinity, and Determination of dissolved oxygen, Hardness, Determination of chlorides, Determination of chlorine.

Study and analysis for characterize seismic behaviour of T-beam Bridge

Authors- M. Tech. Scholar Rajani Kant, Asst. Prof. Dr. Jyoti Yadav

Abstract- – Utilising the capacity spectrum method (CSM) and modal pushover procedure (MPA), two inelastic analytical techniques, a pre-existing reinforced cement concrete T-beam bridge was assessed. MPA was carried out separately in the bridge structure’s transverse and longitudinal orientations. The CSM assessed how the bridge structure responded to the El Centro and Kobe earthquake ground movements. MPA is used to create the capacity curves that depict the bridge’s reaction to certain vibration modes in both transverse and longitudinal orientations. Using SAP2000 analytic software, the capacity-demand spectra for direction, and longitudinal direction were produced. The bridge’s capacity spectrum curve stretched across the demand curves when it was exposed to an earthquake comparable to the El Centro Earthquake in both transverse and longitudinal orientations, suggesting that the bridge would survive in both directions. In contrast, during the Gujrat earthquake, the demand was significantly more than the bridge’s capacity, resulting in its failure. The structure exhibits high inelastic energy absorption capabilities in the transverse modes without noticeably reducing strength and stiffness. In the transverse direction compared to the longitudinal direction, the bridge is more ductile to displacement. In order to improve overall stability, retrofitting applications to multi-column bents are recommended.

Review on Labour Productivity Analysis in the Manufacturing Industries Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

Authors- M. Tech. Scholar Ramesh Kanase, Asst. Prof. Vivek singh, HOD. Rajesh Rathore

Abstract- – Manufacturing decisions inherently face uncertainties and imprecision. Fuzzy logic, and tools based on fuzzy logic, allow for the inclusion of uncertainties and imperfect information in decision making models, making them well suited for manufacturing decisions. In this study, we ﬁrst review the progression in the use of fuzzy tools in tackling different manufacturing issues during the past two decades. We then apply fuzzy linear programming to a less emphasized, but important issue in manufacturing, namely that of product mix prioritization. The proposed algorithm, based on linear programming with fuzzy constraints and integer variables, provides several advantages to existing algorithm as it carries increased ease in understanding, in use, and provides ﬂexibility in its application.

The Effect of Short-Form Video Exposure on Young Adults’ Sustained Attention Span and Comprehension of Information in Digital Texts and Videos

Authors- Paritosh Srivastava

Abstract- – This research paper examines the impact of short-form video exposure, such as Reels, Shorts, and TikTok, on the sustained attention span and comprehension of information among young adults. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The findings suggest that extensive consumption of short-form videos is associated with reduced sustained attention span and challenges in comprehending complex information in digital texts and videos.

Machine Learning Based Service Level Agreement Assurance in Cloud Computing Data Centers

Authors- Nagalakshmi A, Asst. Prof. Uma Maheshwari M

Abstract- – Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. In the Cloud environment the services are provided based on the Service Level Agreement (SLA). An SLA is a contract between user and service provider. It contains services list which is provided by service provider. It also contains availability and performance of the services. In most scenarios the service providers try to deceive their users, because users don’t have the awareness about the SLA. So validating an SLA by user is always difficult. To avoid this difficulty, I introduced the SLA manager. An SLA manager is responsible for validating the SLA in the user perspective. In this approach the SLA is validate based on the availability of services. To monitoring the cloud services I used the Hyperic HQ monitoring tools. Based on that monitored data an SLA manager validate the availability of services listed in the SLA. After validating SLA, an SLA manager sends a report to the concern users. Based on that reports the users can demand the service provider for credit.

WEB 3.0 – The Decentralized Form Of The Internet

Authors- R.Athesh Pargau

Abstract- – Web3.0 is the third iteration of the internet, which mainly focuses on the decentralization of the internet. It works on the principle of blockchain, which uses encryption and distributed computing as its core technology. Data stored in the web3 can be accessed by the user and they hold the ownership of their data, rather than being stored in a single entity like in web2. Tokens are rewarded for the users in web3, which can be used for a variety of purposes. The main advantage of web3 is the decentralization of data, where the internet is democratic. Data stored in web3 are much more secure because of blockchain technology, and one of the demerit is its way too technical for a normal user or nontechnical person to understand and use it.

Designing of Robotic Borewell Rescue Operation

Authors- N. Anantha Lakshmi, Guide Ms. K. Rajyam, P.V. Vijetha, K. Venkateswara Raju,
P.V.N. Sruthilaya, Ch.Mahip Sindhu

Abstract- – The reported incidences of kids falling down a bore-well have significantly increased over the past few years. While most rescue operations include excavating new holes parallel to the old ones, which takes time and labour, other operations choose to leave the kids in the pits and risk their lives. This robotic device promises to address the current predicament because the chances of successfully rescuing the youngster from the bore-well using the current technique are extremely slim. The idea suggests a design for an arm gripper that would grasp the child and bring him out of the bore-well safely using a gear mechanism mounted on a lead screw for to-and-fro motion and cushion-like material inserted inside the gripper.

Determination Of Heavy Metals inFlavor Drinks in Nigeria

Authors- 1Ibrahim Sani, 2Muhammad Mukhtar, 3Muhammad Hassan, 4Abdulmumini Hamisu

Abstract- – The level of heavy metals contamination in flavor drinks has not been investigated in Nigeria. This research was aimed at arsenic at the level of heavy metals contamination in five (5) different powdered flavor drinks commonly sold in Nigerian local markets using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after acid digestion (HNO3, H2SO4&HCLO4) in the ratio 1:1:1. The results showed the presence of heavy metals hat are considered toxic such cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and arsenic at concentrations range between 0.040-0.199, 0.075-0.260, 0.132-0.487, 0.091-0.1324 and 0.221-1.185 mg/L respectively and were found to be above the maximum contaminant level sets by USEPA (2011). Other heavy metals such as chromium, cobalt, copper, selenium, manganese, and iron that are considered essential and less toxic were also determined using this method.

Energy And Exergy Analysis Of Active Solar Stills Using Compound Parabolic Concentrator

Authors- Satyaveer Singh

Prediction of Mean diameter of Aluminum Alloy Tubes in Flow Forming Process

Authors- Dr. M. Srinivasulu, Dr. C. Sreenath, Dr. M. Komaraiah

Abstract- – Flow-forming is eco-friendly, chip less, innovative metal forming process employed for the production of thin walled seamless tubes. Experiments were conducted to flow form AA6082 pre-forms on flow forming machine with a single roller. The main flow-forming parameters selected for the present investigation are axial feed of the roller, speed of the mandrel, and radius of the roller. The effects of these input parameters on the mean diameter of flow formed tube have been critically analyzed by Taguchi method. It has been found that the axial feed is the most significant process parameter influencing the mean diameter of flow formed tube followed by radius of the roller. The tubes with desired nominal mean diameter of 43.00 mm are produced by flow forming process when the process parameters were set at their optimum values.

Division and Regulation of Drones in EU and Hungary

Authors- Jozsef Udvaros, Stefania Bodi

Abstract- – This article provides a broad overview of the types of unmanned aerial vehicles, i.e. drones, their areas of use and the legal regulation of their use in Hungary and the EU. Based on the analysis, the article systematically surveys the knowledge, hungarian laws and regulations related to drones. The article presents the most important legal issues related to the use of drones, such as personal and data protection rights, aviation safety regulations and property rights. It also pays particular attention to the framework for private, commercial and public use of drones. It discusses in detail the rules for the flight altitude and flight envelope of drones, and stresses the importance of maintaining a safe distance from airports, populated areas, people and buildings. It also explains the importance of drone registration and data protection rules. The authors conclude by looking ahead to the future of drone regulation, the challenges facing legislation and the potential legal consequences of the rapid development of drone technology. They draw attention to the need for future regulation to be able to keep pace with technological developments while continuing to ensure safety, protection of personal data and responsible use of drones.

A Survey on Intrusion Detection System Types and Techniques

Authors- Arpita Das, Prof. Sumit Sharma

Abstract- – One of the goals of smart environments is to improve the quality of human life in terms of comfort and efficiency. The Intrusion detection system has recently evolved into a technology for building smart environments. Security and privacy are considered key issues in any real-world smart environment based on the network model. This paper has list techniques of intrusion detection system which optimize the input dataset as well. Many of researchers work was detailed in the paper that help to understand the approaches of the intrusion detection system. Network has different types of attacks as per network type and requirements, so attacks were also mentioned in the paper.

A Comparative Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Utilising Pushover Analysis

Authors- M. Tech. Scholar Rajani Kant, Assistant Professor Dr. Jyoti Yadav

Abstract- – Push-over analysis is a nonlinear method for seismic evaluation of structures. It is an analysis based on performance. It provides engineers with the ability to design reliable structures. This paper examines the seismic response of RC bridges in terms of base shear and displacement on three- and six-span bridges using pushover analysis. In the present analysis the bridge is designed as per IS 456:2000, IS 1893:2016 and IRC 6 2016. The roll over analysis is conducted in accordance with ATC 40 and FEMA 356. This study’s primary objective is to compare the capacity of two bridges with different spans using nonlinear static pushover analysis. The bridge’s pushover analysis was conducted using the structural analysis and design software CSI Bridge version 22.

Breaking Borders: The Realm of FinTech Regulatory Framework

Authors- Chintamani Bagwe

Abstract- -FinTech industry is growing at a rapid speed, and this developing sector is characterized by dynamism and massive disruption of the financial market. Due to the rapid growth rate and new levels of business flexibility, innovative solutions are required to help companies follow the necessary regulatory requirements and make compliance more attainable. The regulation of FinTech is one of the most critical means of maintaining optimal conditions for innovation, the implementation of a consumer-oriented policy, and the balance and stability of the overall financial sector. This paper discusses the main problems related to the issues FinTech companies experience, develops recommendations on how they may be mitigated in compliance with regulations.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.11.issue4.510

Advancing Leadership in Physical Education

Authors- Assistant Professor Mr. Pramod Kumar, Assistant Professor Amardeep

Abstract- -This systematic literature review examines the role of leadership in physical education (PE) over the past five years. Through an analysis of recent research, the study highlights the impact of leadership on student outcomes, program effectiveness, and teacher professional development. Effective leadership practices, including strategic planning, curriculum development, and stakeholder collaboration, are identified as key components of successful leadership in PE settings. Despite challenges such as limited resources and administrative support, opportunities for innovation and improvement, such as the integration of technology and evidence-based leadership development programs are also discussed. The findings underscore the importance of investing in effective leadership practices to enhance the quality and impact of PE programs, ultimately promoting positive outcomes for students and fostering their holistic development and well-being.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.11.issue4.511

A Comparative Study of Behavior between C.B.S.E. and U.P. Board School Students

Authors- Assistant Professor Mr. Sandeep Kumar, Assistant Professor Dr. Arun Kumar Nagar

Abstract- -Behavior is affected by factors relating to the person, including: physical factors – age, health, and illness, and pain, influence of a substance or medication. Personal and emotional factors – personality, beliefs, expectations, emotions, mental health. Our culture shapes the way we work and play, and it makes a difference in how we view ourselves and others. It affects our values what we consider right and wrong. This is how the society we live in influence sour choices. But our choices can also influence others and shape our society. This study was attempted to assess the level of Behavior of school students of C.B.S.E. board and U.P. board. The study Objective was, 1. To study that sportsman has knowledge about the Behavior. 2. To study giving knowledge about how important it is for Behavior. 3 This study tells how your behavior will affect your life. Behavior was evaluated with Academic Self Concept Scale(ASCS) by using questionnaire of Dr.Vikash. Sharma. Total 30 students were screened for Behavior, out of which 15 students were from C.B.S.E. and 15 from U.P. board. According to table II C.B.S.E. Board’s’ value is 39.135 and U.P. Board is 19.691. That’ value of C.B.S.E. Board is greater than C.B.S.E. Board.MeandifferenceofC.B.S.E.Board169.4667andmeandifferenceofU.P.Boardis 171.200. The mean difference of U.P. Board is higher than C.B.S.E. Board. That’s why the Behavior of U.P. Board is more than that of C.B.S.E. Board.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.11.issue4.512

Effect of Sun Salutation in Human Body

Authors- Assistant Professor Bhupendra Kumar, Km. Varsha Devi

Abstract- -Sun Salutation (Surya Namaskar) is a comprehensive yoga practice that integrates physical postures, controlled breathing, and mindfulness. This dynamic sequence of 12 postures provides holistic benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, enhanced muscular strength and flexibility, and better respiratory function. Regular practice also positively impacts mental well-being by reducing stress, improving concentration, and fostering emotional stability. Studies have shown its potential in weight management, hormonal regulation, and enhancing metabolic activity. This review explores the physiological and psychological effects of Sun Salutation, highlighting its role in promoting overall health and well-being.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.11.issue4.513

Reassessing Capital Inflows and Income Inequality: Global Trends and Future Challenges

Authors- Associate Professor Dr Saurabh Mittal

Abstract- -This paper explores the intricate relationship between capital inflows and income inequality, highlighting the evolving global trends and underlying mechanisms driving their interplay. By analyzing data from both advanced and emerging economies over recent decades, the study identifies significant disparities in the distributional effects of capital flows, emphasizing the role of institutional quality, economic structure, and policy frameworks. The findings suggest that while capital inflows can enhance growth opportunities, they often exacerbate income inequality in the absence of robust redistributive policies and inclusive financial systems. The paper concludes by proposing forward-looking strategies to address these challenges, advocating for targeted fiscal policies, improved financial regulation, and enhanced international cooperation to mitigate adverse distributional impacts while fostering sustainable development.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.11.issue4.514

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Diabetes Using Medical Data Analysis and Classification Algorithms for Early Detection

Authors- Radhakrishnan C, Abishek B, Joandsouza A, Karnesh P

Abstract- -Diabetes mellitus is a harmful disease characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels resulting from insulin resistance. If not diagnosed early, it can lead to complications in organs such as the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. With the advent of technological advancements, people are moving toward personalized healthcare. Machine learning (ML), a rapidly evolving field in predictive analysis, is increasingly applied in healthcare to identify diseases and symptoms at early stages. This work aims to develop a machine learning model for the early prediction of diabetes using classification algorithms, considering significant features related to diabetes. The proposed model provides results comparable to clinical outcomes, assisting in personalized patient diagnoses. Four machine learning algorithms—Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF)—are utilized for early diabetes prediction. The experimental analysis uses the Pima Indian Diabetes Database (PIDD) from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated using statistical measures such as sensitivity (recall), precision, specificity, F-score, and accuracy. Accuracy measures the correct and incorrect classification of instances. The experimental results demonstrate that the Random Forest (RF) algorithm achieves the highest accuracy of 87.66%, outperforming other algorithms.

DOI: /10.61463/ijset.vol.11.issue4.515